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Stories from the dialysis comunity across the globe.



PCa Metastasis Predictors in Active Surveillance Patients ID'd - Renal and Urology News PDF Print
May 16, 2015 PCa Metastasis Predictors in Active Surveillance Patients ID'd - Renal and Urology News
A PSA doubling time of less than 3 years and a Gleason score of 8-10 were associated with an increased risk of metastasis.

NEW ORLEANS—Researchers have identified risk factors for the development of metastatic disease in men with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) being managed with active surveillance, according to a report presented at the American Urological Association annual meeting.

These factors include a PSA doubling time of 3 years or less, a Gleason score of 7 at baseline, and more than 2 positive biopsy cores, according to Toshihiro Yamamoto, MD, and colleagues at Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto. In multivariate analysis, a PSADT of 3 years or less was associated with a significant 3.7 times increased risk of metastasis compared with a PSADT of more than 3 years. A Gleason score of 7 was associated with a significant 3 times increased risk of metastasis compared with a Gleason score of 6 or less. A biopsy finding of more than 2 positive cores was associated with a significant 2.7 times increased risk of metastasis compared the finding of 2 or fewer positive cores. Patients with intermediate-risk disease had a 2.7 times greater risk of metastases than the low-risk group.

Dr. Yamamoto's group prospectively studied a cohort of 980 evaluable PCa patients, 22% of whom had intermediate-risk cancer. Of the 980 patients, 30 (3.1%) progressed to metastatic disease after a median of 6.9 years. Of these, 11 were still alive at last follow-up, 15 died from PCa, and 4 died from other causes. Bone was the most common site of metastasis, occurring in 17 patients.

Investigators assessed patients by serum PSA level and digital rectal examination at 3-month intervals for 2 years and every 6 months thereafter.

“For low-risk patients managed with AS, the risk of prostate cancer metastasis is very low,” Dr. Yamamoto told Renal & Urology News. “For intermediate-risk patients, more detailed sub-classification will be needed to validate this approach.”

The proportion of Gleason pattern 4 on the diagnostic biopsy should be considered in decision making. A PSA level of 10 ng/mL had no impact on metastasis.

Among intermediate-risk patients, those with a PSA level above 10 ng/mL and a Gleason score of 6 have an excellent outcome with AS, Dr. Yamamoto said. The rate of progression to metastatic disease was no greater than those with a PSA level below 10 ng/mL. Patients who had a Gleason score of 3+4 had a 3-fold greater risk of eventually developing metastatic disease, and caution is warranted for those patients, he said.

Although the investigators believe AS is still appropriate for selected men with Gleason 3 plus small amounts of 4, extra scrutiny is required, either with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), template biopsies, or genetic biomarkers, Dr. Yamamoto said. Although their data did not address this specifically since MRI was not part of the algorithm until recently, they believe that patients with a Gleason 3+4 cancer—with a low percentage of Gleason 4 (10% or less) and a negative multiparametric MRI or favorable genetic score—can be managed safely using this approach. Other patients may also be candidates, particularly older individuals, he said.

 

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Pamidronate preserves renal function, improves mortality in chronic critical ... - Healio PDF Print

NASHVILLE, Tenn. — Use of the intravenous bisphosphonate pamidronate to prevent bone resorption was associated with improved mortality, ventilator discontinuation and renal parameters in patients with chronic critical illness, according to data presented here.

Rifka C. Schulman, MD,of the Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New Hyde Park, NY, and colleagues at other institutions, reviewed a series of 148 patients with chronic critical illness admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital respiratory care unit from 2009 to 2010. Of these patients, 31 were administered intravenous pamidronate 90 mg (titrated down to 30 mg, as necessary). The decision to use pamidronate was determined by 24-hour urine collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) ? 70 nmol BCE/mmol Cr (n = 7), serum NTx ? 40 nMBCE/L (n = 3), 24-hour urine collagen cross-linked > 103 nmol BCE/mmol Cr (n = 8), 24-hour urine calcium ? 250 mg (n = 11) or ionized calcium > 1.29 mmol/L (n = 2). All levels of chronic kidney disease were represented among those who did and did not receive pamidronate. All patients had normal renal function, and those without hypercalcemia received calcium carbonate, ergocalciferol and calcitriol.

Rifka Schulman

Rifka C. Schulman

Compared with the patients who did not receive pamidronate, the treatment group had significantly lower rates of readmission to the respiratory care unit (23% vs 0%; P = .0079) and 1-year mortality (55% vs 19%; P = .0015) and was more likely to be weaned from ventilator use (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 0.84-4.15; P = .1254).

The patients in the pamidronate group had significantly lower creatinine levels 7 days after pamidronate administration (P = .0025), and there was no significant difference 14 days after treatment compared with 14 days prior to treatment. No significant change in mean glomerular filtration rate between admission and discharge was observed in either group. After adjustment for length of stay and baseline albumin levels, mean albumin levels improved more between admission and discharge for the pamidronate group (2.50 to 3.23 g/dL) than for the other patient group (2.49 to 2.72 g/dL; P <.0001).

In addition, no significant differences were found between patient groups for measures of glucose control or glycemic variability, but patients who received pamidronate experienced fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, Schulman said in the oral presentation.

After adjustment for hypoglycemic events, the pamidronate group had the same risk of dying in the respiratory care unit as the other patients (P = .0773) but were significantly less likely to die at 1 year (P = .0018).

“So tying this all together — and this is just really theoretical and requires a lot more studies — but there may be both short-term and long-term effects that bring us from pamidronate infusion to decreased mortality,” Schulman said. “Regarding the bone/beta-cell connection, possibly the pamidronate is suppressing osteocalcin, which suppresses adiponectin, which may cause a short-term insulin resistance, but it’s still all theoretical. … It may be [that] in the setting of the [respiratory care unit] where there were intense insulin protocols to monitor keeping the glucose in a tight range that insulin resistance might prevent hypoglycemia. This needs to be assessed further.” — by Jill Rollet

Reference:

Schulman RC, et al. Abstract #514. Presented at: AACE 24th Annual Scientific & Clinical Congress; May 13-17, 2014; Nashville, Tenn.

Disclosure:Grant support for this project was provided by Select Medical. Schulman and the other researchers report no relevant financial relationships. Mechanick reports receiving honoraria from Abbott Nutrition.

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Dr. Kutikov on Tumor Pathology in Renal Cell Carcinoma - OncLive PDF Print

Dr. Kutikov on Tumor Pathology in Renal Cell Carcinoma
OncLive
Alexander Kutikov, MD, FACS, attending surgeon, urologic oncology, associate professor, urologic oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, discusses the understanding of tumor pathology in renal cell carcinoma. Treatment of renal cell carcinoma has been ...

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Patient with renal failure needs help - gulfnews.com PDF Print

Sharjah: A 27-year-old Indian expatriate says she urgently needs around Dh100,000 to settle her dialysis bill.

Nikita Hari, whose kidneys have failed, said she also needs around Dh3,000 per week to continue the life-saving treatment.

Nikita, an executive at a shipping company, added she requires rectification of her neurogenic bladder and a kidney transplant.

The costs are too high for her and the family has appealed for financial support.

The transplant will cost around $70,000 (around Dh257,000) if a non-family donor is found and the procedure is done outside the UAE, her sister, Namrata, 22, said.

Namrata is willing to donate her kidney but Nikita said she first requires the bladder surgery.

Nikita added that she has no estimate yet for the rectification surgery as she has been unable to find a surgeon willing to take her case.

The Sharjah resident was born prematurely with a bladder that hadn’t developed fully and complications eventually led to renal failure.

The patient had her bladder expanded earlier but complications and infections caused her stressed kidneys to give out.

A kidney transplant was done seven years ago in the Philippines but she suffered renal failure again.

Nikita has been on dialysis three times a week for around a year and three months now.

She cannot drink more than 800ml of water a day as it would interfere with her dialysis.

“No one has really found a solution. They can’t guarantee what will be the outcome of the [bladder rectification] surgery. It’s risky,” Nikita said.

Namrata added: “Her doctor is looking for a way. They need to rectify the bladder so the pressure isn’t on the kidneys. We don’t want to go back to the same position again.”

Nikita said a transplant was bound to “fail within days” if the bladder issue isn’t sorted out first.

Meanwhile, the outstanding dialysis cost has soared to some Dh100,000. Her health-care provider has “not pressurised us” but “they’ve been asking” for settlement, Namrata said.

“It’s life-threatening for her if she misses even one session.”

Nikita, who was born and raised in the UAE, is on life-long medication, which is currently costing her Dh2,500 a month, she added.

Despite her dialysis appointments, she started working twice a week to supplement the family income. Her sister and father also work but the costs are too high for them.

“I get low blood pressure, I feel faint. I’m too tired on my dialysis days to do anything. Every day it’s a new problem,” Nikita said.

She also cannot drink more than a few glasses of water or any fluids a day.

“That’s hard for me because I used to be a waterholic. Now I feel very thirsty all the time.”

Still, the young woman daily distributes free water, juice and snacks to workers toiling in the sun.

“I know what it’s like not to drink water, especially in this part of the world,” Nikita said.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Underused in High-Risk PCa Patients - Renal and Urology News PDF Print
May 16, 2015 Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Underused in High-Risk PCa Patients - Renal and Urology News
Only 7.4% of patients receive ART after radical prostatectomy despite the presence of adverse pathologic features, study shows.

NEW ORLEANS—Patients who undergo radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) seldom receive adjuvant radiation therapy (ART), despite evidence that it is associated with better outcomes, researchers reported at the 2015 American Urological Association annual meeting.

In a study of 105,226 men who underwent radical prostatectomy and had high-risk PCa features found on final pathology, only 7,741 (7.4%) received ART, according to a research team at the University of Chicago Medical Center led by Charles U. Nottingham, MD. For the study, the investigators defined high-risk features as pT2 tumors with a positive surgical margin (PSM) or pT3 and pT4 tumors with or without a PSM. The study excluded patients with lymph node involvement and metastatic disease. They defined ART as receipt of radiation therapy within 6 months of surgery.

Younger age was among the significant predictors of ART receipt. Compared with patients younger than 65 years, those aged 65–75 and older than 75 years were 24% and 51% less likely to receive ART. Other patient factors that significantly predicted receipt of ART included residing within the zip code of the treatment facility, surgery at a low-volume facility (50 cases or fewer per year), private insurance, a preoperative PSA level of 10 ng/mL or higher, a Gleason score of 7–10 at prostatectomy, and pT3 and pT4 cancers regardless of margin status.

Compared with patients who had surgery at a facility in their zip code, patients who had surgery at a facility 61–120 miles and more than 120 miles away were 59% and 69% less likely to receive ART.

Compared with patients who had surgery at a facility that treats 50 or fewer prostatectomy cases per year (first quartile), those who had surgery at facilities in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 43%, 58%, and 67% less likely to receive ART. The lower use of ART at higher-volume centers may reflect a propensity to perform surveillance on high-risk patients and preferential treatment with salvage radiation therapy, Dr. Nottingham's team concluded.

Privately insured patients were 24% more likely to receive ART than uninsured patients. Patients with a preoperative PSA level of 10–20 and more than 20 ng/mL were 17% and 49% more likely to receive ART than those with a PSA level below 10 ng/mL. Patients with a Gleason score of 7 and 8–10 were 1.8 and 4.7 times more likely to receive ART than those with a Gleason score of 6. Patients with pT3 or pT4 tumors with a negative surgical margin and those with pT3 or pT4 tumors with a PSM were 1.3 and 3.9 times more likely to undergo ART than patients with pT2 tumors with a PSM.

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