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Intradialytic Protein Consumption May Benefit Hemodialysis Patients - Renal and Urology News |
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April 24, 2015
Soy and whey protein drinks produced modest favorable changes and could represent a low-cost therapeutic treatment.
Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) may be able to decrease inflammation and improve physical function by drinking soy or whey protein beverages prior to each dialysis session, according to a new study.
Investigators led by Kenneth R. Wilund, PhD, of the University of Illinois in Urbana, randomly assigned 38 MHD patients to supplementation with a whey protein (11 patients), soy protein (12 patients), or placebo (15 patients) beverage. Patients consumed the drink (27 g of protein or placebo mixed with 4 oz water) within 15 minutes before the start of every dialysis session for 6 months. The drinks were in addition to patients' regular diet, and over time, increased their daily protein intake. None of the patients were considered malnourished.
Acute protein loss may occur both during and immediately after dialysis treatment due in part to inflammation, adding up to a loss of lean muscle mass from 1 to 3 kg/year, according to the researchers.
The investigators chose whey protein for supplementation because its higher leucine content may influence physical performance and body composition. Soy protein, although potentially less anabolic than whey, may reduce inflammation via isoflavone compounds.
The investigators measured markers of blood inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) at baseline and 6 months. They also assessed patients' physical function (via gait speed and shuttle walk test) and body composition (via x-ray absorptiometry).
According to results published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition (2015;25:276-283), the protein drinks significantly reduced pre-dialysis levels of IL-6, and there was a trend for reduction in CRP. Both gait speed and shuttle walking significantly improved in patients who drank the protein supplements. Although the researchers observed no changes in body composition, alkaline phosphatase—a marker of bone turnover—decreased in the protein groups.
“Intradialytic protein supplementation induced modest favorable changes in functional outcomes and could represent a low-cost therapeutic treatment strategy for this critically ill population,” the researchers concluded. Intradialytic nutrition is somewhat controversial due to concerns related to hemodynamic stability, they added.
Source
- Tomayko, EJ, et al. Journal of Renal Nutrition, May 2015; doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.10.005.
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Quarter of Metastatic PCa Patients Had Synchronous Cancer - Renal and Urology News |
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April 24, 2015
28.1% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer have a synchronous second primary cancer.
(HealthDay News) -- More than one-quarter of patients with metastatic prostate cancer present with a synchronous second primary malignancy, according to a review published in The Journal of Urology.
Kyo Chul Koo, M.D., Ph.D., from the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues conducted a retrospective record review of 582 consecutive patents with prostate cancer diagnosed with metastasis. The authors examined the prognostic impact of a synchronous second primary malignancy, defined as a cytologically or histologically proven solid malignancy, on overall survival.
The researchers found that 28.1% of patients had a synchronous second primary malignancy, of which the most prevalent types were colorectal (9.1%), stomach (7.3%), and lung (7.1%) cancers. During a median follow-up of 34.1 months, the rate of overall survival was significantly higher for patients without a synchronous secondary primary malignancy versus those with lung or stomach cancer. Outcomes were comparable for men without a second malignancy and for those with colorectal cancer. Independent predictors of overall mortality included clinical stage T4 or greater, American Society of Anesthesiologists score 1 or greater, and lung or stomach cancer.
"A substantial proportion of patients with metastatic prostate cancer present with a synchronous second primary malignancy," the authors write. "Definitive therapy targeting prostate cancer may confer a limited survival benefit in patients with synchronous lung or stomach cancer."
Source
- Koo, KC, et al. The Journal of Urology, April 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.10.088.
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Research and Markets: Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Number and ... - Business Wire (press release) |
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DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/6hd6hs/asia_and_middle) has announced the addition of the "Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Number and Market Analysis" report to their offering.
Kidney transplant is the most commonly conducted transplant surgery worldwide. It has gained widespread popularity by improving the outcome of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. With advances in kidney transplant methods and improvement in transplant success, a kidney transplant is now widely considered to be the best way of treating chronic kidney disease for many people. As the number of organ donors is increasing, an increase in transplant procedures is bound to happen. However, due to costlier procedure the market shift is expected to occur in Asian and Middle East countries where medical tourism is being promoted.
Kidney Transplant Performed Analysis: In Asia and Middle East region, India, China and Iran are the major players as they perform the most number of kidney transplants.
Kidney Transplant Market Analysis: China is the leading market for kidney transplant in Asia and Middle East being followed by India. Japan stands at the 3rd position followed by South Korea. Australia and Iran are competing very closely with each other to capture the maximum market share.
Key Topics Covered:
1. Executive Summary
2. Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Market Analysis (2008 - 2019)
3. Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Market Share Analysis (2008 - 2019)
4. Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Market Analysis - Country Wise
5. Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Market - Driving Factors
6. Asia and Middle East Kidney Transplant Market - Challenges
For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/6hd6hs/asia_and_middle
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High-dose Insulin May Prevent Type 1 Diabetes in Kids - Renal and Urology News |
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April 24, 2015
Insulin treatment may prevent the development of type 1 diabetes in high-risk children, much like allergy shots can prime the immune system not to react to harmless allergens.
(HealthDay News) -- In a small, preliminary study, high-dose insulin capsules safely induced what appears to be a protective immune response in children at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The study findings were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, a theme issue on child health.
For the study, the researchers recruited 25 children aged 2 to 7 years. All had a strong family history of type 1 diabetes and were considered genetically at risk for its development. However, the children had no signs of islet autoimmunity. A total of 15 children were given daily insulin capsules at varying doses for 3 to 18 months; 10 children received inactive placebo capsules.
Nearly all -- 83.3% -- who received the highest-dose insulin capsule showed a protective immune system response. Some children on lower doses also showed a response, but this occurred in 1/3 or fewer of the children in those groups, the researchers found.
If these findings hold true in larger studies done over longer periods of time, the treatment may prevent the development of type 1 diabetes in high-risk children, much like allergy shots can prime the immune system not to react to harmless allergens, according to the researchers.
"We have introduced a relatively new paradigm, which is to actively expose the body to one of its own proteins before the body has a chance to see it as foreign and to eliminate it like a virus, something which happens in children who develop type 1 diabetes," lead author Ezio Bonifacio, Ph.D., deputy director at the DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden in Germany, told HealthDay.
Insulin crystals for the study were provided by Lilly Pharmaceuticals.
Source
- Bonifacio, E, et al. JAMA, April 21, 2015; doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2928.
- Jay S. Skyler, MD. JAMA, April 21, 2015; doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2054.
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